Abstract
Endometrial cancer is one of the most common cancers of the reproductive organ in women. The incidence of it increases from year to year. In our study we assessed role of FGF21 and FGF23 in the diagnostics of patients with endometrial cancer. The study involved 182 patients, who were undergoing abrasion due to perimenopausal bleeding. FGF21, FGF23, and leptin concentration were quantified in serum by multiplex fluorescent bead-based immunoassays (Luminex Corporation). The median of FGF21 protein (181.8 pg/mL) as well as leptin (16.9 ng/mL) in patients with endometrial cancer was statistically significant higher compared to median of those proteins among patients from control group (152.1 pg/mL and 14.1 ng/mL, respectively). However, no significant differences were found in these groups at median FGF23 concentrations. For FGF21 and leptin, the AUC values were 0.81/0.79, while FGF23, the AUC values was 0.66 for all study patients. Leptin and FGF21 concentrations were statistically significantly higher in patients with poorly differentiated G3 tumors compared to patients with moderately differentiated G2 tumors and with moderately differentiated G2 with highly differentiated G1 respectively: p = 0.02/p = 0.03 and p = 0.02/p = 0.005. FGF21 appears to be useful as a diagnostic as well as prognostic factor in patients with endometrioid endometrial carcinoma.
Highlights
Endometrial cancer is one of the several malignancies of the genital organs characterized by incidence rates that in recent years have been increasing rather than decreasing
To assess the role of Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) in patients with endometrial cancer diagnostics, determining whether their concentration correlates with the degree of clinical stage and histopathological differentiation in endometrial cancer patients
We found differences in the median concentrations of both FGF21 and leptin in patients with endometrial cancer compared to those in the median concentration in the group of patients with with endometrial cancer compared to those in the median concentration in the group of patients with endometrial polyps
Summary
Endometrial cancer is one of the several malignancies of the genital organs characterized by incidence rates that in recent years have been increasing rather than decreasing. Trends of incidence rates in endometrial cancer age-standardized increased by 1757 in Central Europe in 1990–2017, which makes Central Europe the fourth place around the world, with a mortality rate that decreased by 0.447 during this period [1]. Most patients receive their diagnosis at an early stage of the disease. Five-year survival in patients with stage I cancer is about 84%, and in this group, disease recurrence occurs only in 15% of cases.
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