The submental island flap in head and neck reconstruction

Abstract

This article reviews the submental island flap, focusing on its relevant surgical anatomy, surgical technique, and recent applications in head and neck reconstruction. Reconstruction of defects after extirpation of head and neck neoplasms is a highly challenging and complex surgical undertaking. Various techniques, including skin grafts, regional flaps, and free tissue transfer, can be employed in the restoration of function and cosmesis after ablative surgery. However, commonly used techniques, such as the radial forearm flap or anterior lateral thigh flap, share numerous disadvantages, such as donor-site morbidity, poor color match for cutaneous reconstruction, and excessive tissue bulk for intraoral reconstruction, making ideal replacement of 'like with like' elusive. The use of a submental artery island flap is a relatively new and an increasingly popular option for head and neck reconstruction that provides an additional reconstructive option. The submental island flap is a reliable and versatile flap for head and neck reconstruction. Its minimal donor site morbidity, excellent cosmetic match, pliability, and relative ease of dissection and application has a definite advantage over distant flaps, making it an excellent addition to the reconstructive armamentarium of the head and neck surgeon.