Abstract
ABSTRACT
 
 The aim of this research is to determine the Bio physiological study on urolithiasis by diagnostic techniques and chemical composition in Balochistan, Pakistan. Study is designed to identify the Urolithiasis by using imaging techniquesThe urinary tract (UT) is complex system to conduct and perform excretory function in the body. It is divided into two parts upper urinary tract (UUT) and lower urinary tract (LUT). The UUT formed by the kidneys and ureters, while lower LUT associated with urinary bladder and urethra. The persistent flow of urine from upper urinary tract and lower urinary tract plays important role for the excretion of urine and cleansing of urinary tract Usually the primary function of the kidneys is filtration of blood for the removal of urinary system through urination, the lower parts of the urinary tract is the collection, storage, transportation and drain out urine from body. Moreover, urinary tract ensures the removal of products after metabolism and excretion of toxic products produced by both kidneys and thus help in maintaining homeostasis like water, electrolytes, red blood cells, leucocytes, calcium and blood pressure.
Highlights
Urolithiasis has a major impact on quality of life, working place and health system of patient due to its high recurrence [1, 2, 4, 5]
The difference of calculi among the countries reflects with many factors such as age, gender, type and location of stone in urinary tract, race, diet, environment, socio-economic advancement in high technology imaging like ultrasonography and computed tomography (CT) [3]
Pathophysiology of urolithiasis has been observed by epidemiological data based on human population and basic experiments using imaging techniques (Xray and Ultrasonography)
Summary
Urolithiasis has a major impact on quality of life, working place and health system of patient due to its high recurrence [1, 2, 4, 5]. The prevalence, incidence and chemical composition of urolithiasis and its formation varies may be due to its factors worldwide. The difference of calculi among the countries reflects with many factors such as age, gender, type and location of stone in urinary tract, race, diet, environment, socio-economic advancement in high technology imaging like ultrasonography and computed tomography (CT) [3]. Stones may be silent for a long time in and grow in size, pass spontaneously from urinary tract or may cause infection, obstruction and kidney loss. It is most important and helpful to identify the calculi in early stage. The ultrasonogrphy technique is easy to use, harmless and cost effective for the accurate identification of renal stone
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