The Study on the Fundamental of Dark and Bright Solitons

Abstract

Abstract: The words bright and dark are taken from the field of optics, where they are used to describe the bright spots and black shadows that appear in optical fibres. However, in the 1830s, soliton observations were made in water. Oceanographers were initially taken aback by the discovery in the 1960s and 1970s that bright solitons were present on the surface of deep ocean waters. However, numerous experiments have since been conducted to investigate and validate the phenomenon, some of which have identified bright solitons as the cause of rogue waves at sea. Both bright and dark solitons have now been observed in BoseEinstein condensates, plasmas, fibre optics, and other environments. [30]