Abstract
The development system in electrophotography had been numerically investigated using a three-dimensional dynamic model. The simulation of the toner dynamics in the development process was carried out using the Finite Difference Method (FDM) for the electric field calculation, the superposition method for the magnetic field and the Distinct Element Method (DEM) for the calculation of particle motion in the development area. A nonmagnetic development system, a magnetic single-component development system and two-component development system were analyzed with these methods. The parameters of the development process for numerical simulation were possibly the same values for the development systems. The followings were deduced from this study. (1) The difference of particle charge distributions made the characteristic among individual development systems. (2) A nonmagnetic development system was most influenced by the space charge limit. (3) The toner chain of the magnetic single-component development system made a contribution to increasing the number of effective toner for development. (4) Toner motion in the twocomponent development system was controlled by the chargebalance of toner and carrier particles.
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