Abstract
Teamwork in healthcare is particularly salient in the dynamic domains of critical care: emergency medicine, surgery, and trauma and resuscitation. Within and across these services, teams must be coordinated to provide optimal care in order to provide optimal delivery of health care. Although many disciplines study teamwork, it is unclear how scholars and clinicians conceptualize, study, and apply these processes. The current systematic review investigates how these fields 1) study teams through the application of a teamwork processes rubric and 2) distinguish themselves from other medical disciplines through the empirical research. We drew upon a taxonomy of teamwork processes (Marks et al., Acad. Manag. Rev. 26, 356 ‐376; LePine et al., Person. Psychol. 61, 273 ‐307), operationalizing transition, action, and interpersonal processes, to guide this work. Overall, the dynamic domains of literature studied teamwork processes at high rates, relative to other medical fields. Specifically, they were strongly associated with transition and action processes and the content areas of leadership and performance. Given these emphases, research and practical interventions may want to focus on more interpersonal and collaborative approaches in teamwork
Highlights
Events such as the COVID-19 pandemic have drastically transformed the nature of medicine, such that effective teamwork has become of paramount importance
Teamwork is core to many areas of healthcare, we focus this review on the three dynamic domains of healthcare—critical care, emergency medicine, and surgery—wherein teamwork processes take on a critical role in overall function and performance (Manser, 2009)
194 articles were derived from the dynamic domains of healthcare: 34 from critical care, 46 from emergency medicine, 95 articles from surgery, and 19 from trauma and resuscitation
Summary
Events such as the COVID-19 pandemic have drastically transformed the nature of medicine, such that effective teamwork has become of paramount importance. This is true within departments that specialize in acute and emergent care, known as the dynamic domains of healthcare. Experts agree with the importance of healthcare, it is less evident how teamwork is conceptualized by scholars and clinicians across various stake-holding disciplines. Understanding these operationalizations may help bridge disciplinary differences and guide these domains toward a more integrated application of teamwork processes
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