Abstract
In this study, structural characterization, electrical properties and energy storage performance of plasticized polymer electrolytes based on polyvinyl alcohol/methylcellulose/ammonium thiocyanate (PVA/MC-NH4SCN) were carried out. An X-ray diffraction (XRD) study displayed that the plasticized electrolyte system with the uppermost value of direct current (DC) ionic conductivity was the most amorphous system. The electrolyte in the present work realized an ionic conductivity of 2.903 × 10−3 Scm−1 at room temperature. The main charge carrier in the electrolyte was found to be the ions with the ionic transference number (tion) of 0.912, compared to only 0.088 for the electronic transference number (telec). The electrochemical stability potential window of the electrolyte is 2.1 V. The specific capacitance was found to reduce from 102.88 F/g to 28.58 F/g as the scan rate increased in cyclic voltammetry (CV) analysis. The fabricated electrochemical double layer capacitor (EDLC) was stable up to 200 cycles with high efficiency. The specific capacitance obtained for the EDLC by using charge–discharge analysis was 132.7 F/g at the first cycle, which is slightly higher compared to the CV plot. The equivalent series resistance (ESR) increased from 58 to 171 throughout the cycles, which indicates a good electrolyte/electrode contact. Ions in the electrolyte were considered to have almost the same amount of energy during the conduction process as the energy density is approximately at 14.0 Wh/kg throughout the 200 cycles. The power density is stabilized at the range of 1444.3 to 467.6 W/kg as the EDLC completed the cycles.
Highlights
The first solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) was made for the application in lithium batteries in 1979 and it is one of the most important elements for applications to electrochemical devices [1]
Studies showed that the X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum of pure polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) possesses various crystalline peaks at
The emerged intense peak at 2θ = 18.6◦ in the XRD spectrum of pure PVA showed that the PVA has a semicrystalline structure [48]
Summary
The first solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) was made for the application in lithium batteries in 1979 and it is one of the most important elements for applications to electrochemical devices [1]. The energy storage of EDLC is manifested through a non-Faradaic mechanism because the ions develop a double layer by the interfacial area [16]. This explains that there is no electron transfer between the electrode surfaces but only charges will accumulate. In this work we focused on the preparation and study of eco-friendly polymer electrolytes based on biodegradable polymers such as PVA and MC in an attempt to reduce electronic wastes. From the economical view point, these types of biodegradable polymer electrolytes can play a main role in reducing the cost of electronic devices, both in terms of used raw materials and fabrication processes. 48 wt.% Glycerol) have been studied using various experimental techniques and have been fabricated into the EDLC
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