The Study of Spontaneity and Preparedness of Oral Speech in Forensic Linguistics: To the Formulation of the Problem

Abstract

The article considers different approaches to the study of spontaneity and readiness of speech – in linguistics and forensic linguistics.In linguistics, there are two directions of studying the spontaneity and preparedness of sounding speech: the study of the speech flow as a whole and the analysis of speech by language levels. In the first case, the main attention is paid to the ontogenesis of speech thinking, the formation of a person’s communicative competence, as well as the mechanisms of speech generation. In the level-by-level analysis of oral speech, the study of the phonetic level of the language occupies a leading place, while research at other levels of the language is presented unsystematically. In the practice of forensic examination, gradations of sounding speech are determined according to the criterion «prepared speech – unprepared speech». The parameters that are taken into account in the study of sounding speech for the identification of signs of preparedness and spontaneity are established: type (form) of speech; genre in which the speech is performed; age of the speaker; the speaker’s level of education, his professional activity, social status; parameters of the communicative situation: the addresser and the addressee, the relationship between the speaker and the listener, the tone of communication, the purpose, means of communication, the place of communication, etc.; the nature of communication.The author of the present article attempts to develop possible directions for the study of sounding speech in order to determine its spontaneity and preparedness.