The study of refractive index distribution of 3-D optical waveguide in cross-sectional

Abstract

ABSTRACT A buried 3-D optical waveguide have been fabricated by Tl + -Na ion-exchange technology on BK 7 glass substrates, the refractive-index profile of the waveguides in cross-sectional were determined with the interference method technique; The refractive-index distribution function n(x,y) for optical waveguides in cross-sectional was improved, and the refractive index profile was reconstructed by MATLAB, and the sh apes of the index profile in the cross-sectional are in good agreement with experimental results; The shapes of the refractive-index distribution of 3-D optical waveguide in cross-sectional can be reconstructed by the improved function n(x,y) easily. Keywords: Tl + -Na + ion-exchange; 3-D optical waveguide; refractive index distribution; cross-sectional 1. INTRODUCTION Ion exchange on a glass substrate has been an attractive technology to produce optical waveguides for its simplicity, flexibility and low cost since 1972 [1] , among a number of fabrication techniques such as ion exchange, sol-gel, in-diffusion on lithium niobate substrate and laser writing