The Study of Molten Liquid — Refractory Interactions — It Is All about the Phase(s)

Abstract

The study of chemical interactions between slag / metal / matte and refractory materials has been an ongoing theme from the time when the first metals and alloys were produced. Over the years the refractory industry has seen extraordinary technological progress such as the development of the magnesia-carbon bricks and self-flowing castables. The advances that take place in high temperature processes, specifically the iron and steel industry, drive innovations in the refractories industry. Since these pyrometallurgical processes are dynamic, continuously improving and changing to process inter alia lower grade ores in energy more efficient and environmentally more friendly ways, the refractories industry has to keep current. This paper discusses the important role that the study of molten liquid — refractory interactions plays in understanding wear mechanisms and directing the development of refractory materials. It also gives relevant examples from refractories used in the production of different commodities.