The Study of Language Semantics of the Turkic Peoples for the Purpose of Preservation of the World Cultural Heritage (Based on the Material of the Kyrgyz and Uzbek Languages)

Abstract

The primary goal of this article was to consider the issues of hyperonyms, equonyms, and neutralization processes in the semantic structure of kinship terms, as well as to define the meanings of modern linguistics for the preservation of world cultural heritage of Turkic peoples based on the material of kinship terms of the Kirghiz and Uzbek languages. In order to achieve this goal, comprehensive comparative methods as well as the method of componential analysis were used. The authors have presented similar and distinctive features in functional-semantic affinities of the lexical materials related to the vocabulary of these kindred languages. Besides, consideration was given to the semantic structure of the phenomenon of equonymy which characterizes one of functional-semantic components of the paradigm, i.e. hyperonym. Hyperonyms are a set of hyponyms which denote the names of specific concepts which determines the relationship of equonyms with the terms “hyponym” and “hyperonym”. The issues of the relation of equonyms to hyponyms and hyperonyms have been particularly reflected as well. Equonymy and hyponymy are simultaneously combined in the semantic structure of one and the same lexeme. For example: “ata//ota” (father) and “ene//ona” (mother) in the Kirghiz and Uzbek languages are the hyponyms of the pair word “ata-ene”//“ota-ona” (parents). In turn, the lexemes “ata//ota” (father) and “ene-ona” (mother) are equonym in relation to each other. There are common integral semes (features) between equonyms (hyponyms) of certain hyperonyms, due to which they are intertwined with each other in the semantic structure of a single lexeme. The seme is neutralized in the semantic structure based on distinction in natural sex. Relying on our studies, we offer the solutions to the issues of phenomena of hyperonyms, equonyms, and the processes of neutralization in the semantic structure of the kinship terms of the Turkic languages that are very important for the development of the modern stage of linguistics of all peoples.