The study of Helianthus annuus L. of domestic breeding in arid Crimea

Abstract

An increase in the temperature regime on the planet leads to changes in climatic conditions, as a result of which the aridity of many regions is increasing, which adversely affects, among other things, the productivity of agricultural crops. This issue is also urgent for the Republic of Crimea. The peninsula is characterized by a deficit of precipitation, droughts during the growing season of plants, and an elevated temperature during the period of crop formation. In addition, the situation was aggravated by the cessation of the functioning of the North Crimean Canal, which provided irrigation systems in the region with water. Steep reorientation of the farming system to rainfed conditions implies the introduction of drought-resistant crops into the structure of the cropping land, for which, first of all, it is necessary to identify adaptive varieties and hybrids, as well as to develop a cultivation technology. By order of the President of the Russian Federation No. Pr-1127 as of June 12, 2017, it is necessary to ensure that agricultural producers use, as a priority, competitive domestic seeding and planting material. Since Helianthus annuus L., due to its biological characteristics, is a drought-resistant culture, and the demand for its processed products increases every year, the purpose of our research was to identify the adaptive features of domestic hybrids and the study of plant density in arid conditions of the peninsula. As a result of studies conducted in 2017-2018 in the Research Institute of Agriculture of the Crimea, it was found that the highest yield of seeds of Helianthus annuus L. in agro-climatic conditions of 2017 was demonstrated by hybrids Garant (1.58 t/ha), Signal (1.68 t/ha) and Sprint (1.70 t/ha); in 2018, by Prestige (0.78 t/ha), Signal and Gorstar hybrids (0.59 t/ha). The highest yield of sunflower was observed after sowing with a plant density of 40K ha−1 and amounted to 1.70 t/ha in conditions of 2017 and 0.64 t/ha in 2018.