Abstract
Abstract. Rapid growth in population and land cover makes urban areas more vulnerable to Urban Heat Island. Due to which, cities experience higher mean temperature than its proximate surrounding rural or non-urban area. The relationship between UHI and urbanization is proven in previous studies. Delhi the capital city of India is well known for its extreme heat condition in summer and air pollution. In this study, an attempt has been made to understand UHI behavior in a satellite town of Delhi. Satellite town or cities are the small independent towns built in the vicinity of a large city or metropolitan city. In this paper 4 major satellite towns of Delhi, i.e. Gurugram (name changed from Gurgaon in April 2016), Noida, Faridabad and Ghaziabad has been studied to understand the changing trends in urbanization and temperature. The parameters used are rate of urban expansion, population density, GDP growth and increasing temperature over the last two decades. Gurugram showed the maximum urbanization and identified as study area. Gurugram has undergone a major growth journey from being a small town to ‘The Millennium city’ of the country in a short span. The Landsat images of past three decades ranging from different time period i.e. 1990, 1996, 2002, 2009, 2014 and 2018 were investigated by applying integrated approach of GIS and Remote sensing. The images represent the condition of UHI and urbanization in different period. The temporal change in LULC was used to study the rate of urban growth in last three decades. The results showed the increase in built-up area out of the total area of Gurugram from 10% (i.e.50.6 sq. km) in 1990 to 17.25% (80.5 sq. km) in 2002 which further increased to 45.1% (210.4 sq. km) in 2018. Thermal Infrared band of Landsat series were used to retrieve land surface temperature (LST) intensity of the study period. The results show a positive correlation (r = 0.46) between impervious surfaces and LST. The results of the study could be helpful in identifying the causative factors and level of impacts in different zones and also enable us to develop a mitigation strategy based on spatial decision support system.
Highlights
Urban heat islands is the one of the critical challenge in the growing world
Impervious area/ built-up areas absorb large amount of radiation and since material used in construction are water resistant and non-reflective the radiations absorbed trapped are released slowly in the form of heat which results in higher surface temperature
It is found that there is a positive correlation between impervious area and Land surface temperature (r= 0.46), which means that with the increase in impervious area heat intensity increased
Summary
Urban heat islands is the one of the critical challenge in the growing world. Urbanization and industrialization leads to the improved comfortable and material life. Surfaces that were once permeable and moist becomes impermeable and dry This development leads to the formation of urban heat islands (United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2008). Study by Kim (1992) on UHI indicated that the urban heating is attributable to a great extent on excess in heat due to rapidly heating urban surfaces that primarily consist of buildings, asphalt, bare-soil and short grasses. The symptoms of such diurnal heating in summer begins to appear by mid-morning and can go about 10°C warmer than the nearby woodlands (Wilby, 2008)
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