Abstract
The emission of exo-electrons from metals is reviewed. Deformed metal surfaces produce counts in point-counters, counting tubes or electron-multipliers and this apparently spontaneous electron emission was at first ascribed to the latent heat developed during phase changes or interaction with oxygen. More recent investigations showed that the surface films on deformed metals contain special electronic energy levels associated with crystal imperfections in the oxide lattice. The energy levels can be excited thermally or optically, leading to electron emission at definite temperatures or wavelengths of light. The decay of emission depends on the atmosphere with which the metal surface is in contact.
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