Abstract
Objectives Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is now becoming a serious public health threat. Some behaviors risk factors were considered to be associated with MetS and interacted to adversely affect MetS. However, the clustering effects of behavior risk factors of MetS among Chinese population remain unclear. The aim of this study is to observe the behavior risk factors and their clustering effects of MetS in China. Methods A cross-sectional study design was used. Subjects were recruited in the departments of Cardiology Clinic, Endocrine Clinic, and Health Management from March to December 2019. A demographic sheet was designed to collect the demographic and clinical characteristics of the subjects. International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short was applied to evaluate the level of PA in this study. Other behavior risk factors were observed by the questionnaire. The stepwise logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the determinants of MetS. The multiple logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the clustering effects of behavior risk factors in MetS. Results There are a total of 532 eligible subjects (56.6% females; mean age was 48.4 ± 15.3 years), and approximately 33.3% were diagnosed as MetS. The subjects with a smoking habit (heavy and long-time history) had a 1.833-fold higher risk for MetS than their counterparts (none and light smoking), and the subjects that preferred salty taste had a 1.626-fold higher risk for MetS than the comparison cohort. Smoking and alcohol drinking had the highest clustering effect on MetS among the behavior risk factors. Conclusions The main finding of this study was that smoking and salty taste preference were the independent determinants of MetS. Smoking and alcohol consumption had the highest clustering effect on southern Chinese MetS.
Highlights
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by a clustering of metabolic disorders, including abdominal obesity, high blood pressure (HBP), high fasting blood glucose, and dyslipidemia (increased triglyceride levels and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)). It is becoming a global serious public health challenge that threatened the health care system as it directly contributes to the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) [1]
Dyslipidemia and hypertension accounted for high proportions in the Cardiology Clinic [34], on the other hand, insulin resistance and diabetes occupied a large proportion in the Endocrine Clinic [35]
A previous study showed that the prevalence of MetS in males was peaking at 40–59 years and decreasing; the prevalence was peaking at the ≥60 years age group in female population [37]
Summary
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by a clustering of metabolic disorders, including abdominal obesity, high blood pressure (HBP), high fasting blood glucose, and dyslipidemia (increased triglyceride levels and (or) decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)). It is becoming a global serious public health challenge that threatened the health care system as it directly contributes to the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) [1]. The acquired and modifiable behavior risk factors of MetS are physical activity (PA), dietary habit, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and sleep duration [6, 7]
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