Abstract
Organic matter, fertilizers, and soil amendments are essential for sustainable agricultural practices to guarantee soil productivity. However, these materials can increase the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as CH4 and N2O. Thus, technologies for reducing GHG emissions in concert with the increase in rice production from rice fields are needed. The objectives of this study were to determine the best chicken manure (CM) and steel slag (SS) combination to mitigate CH4, N2O, and CO2 emissions in an incubation experiment, to identify the best CM:SS ameliorant mixture to mitigate CH4 and N2O, and to evaluate dry biomass and grain yield in a pot experiment. A randomized block design was established with four treatments, namely conventional (chemical fertilizer only) and three combinations of different ratios of CM and SS (1:1, 1:1.5, and 1:2.5), with five replications in a pot experiment. CM:SS (1:2.5) was identified as the best treatment for mitigating CH4, N2O, and CO2 in the incubation experiment. However, CM:SS (1:1.5) was the best CM and SS ameliorant for mitigating CH4 and N2O in the pot experiment. The global warming potential of CH4 and N2O revealed that CM:SS (1:1.5) had the lowest value. None of the combinations of CM and SS significantly increased dry biomass and grain yield.
Highlights
Agriculture contributes an estimated 10–12% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, mainly as nitrous oxide (N2O) (46%), followed by methane (CH4) (45%), and carbon dioxide (CO2) (9%) [1]
The lowest cumulative CH4 emission was shown in chicken manure (CM):steel slag (SS) (1:2.5) (0.01 mgC kg−1 period−1) and was statistically significant with other CM:SS treatments
The highest cumulative N2O emission was released by SS (1) (0.1 μgN kg−1 period−1)
Summary
Agriculture contributes an estimated 10–12% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, mainly as nitrous oxide (N2O) (46%), followed by methane (CH4) (45%), and carbon dioxide (CO2) (9%) [1]. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the dominant staple food for more than half of the world’s population, and its production is critical for global food security. Rice cultivation is a significant source of CH4 (a significant GHG) emissions, accounting for 11% of global anthropogenic CH4 emissions. Rice cultivation under submerged conditions enhances CH4 emissions owing to increase soil-reduced conditions conducive to methanogenesis [2]. Agricultural production in the world must continue to meet the basic needs of society. The demand for rice increases, which encourages intensive and extensive rice cultivation. Efforts are required to reduce CH4 emissions without reducing agricultural crop production
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