The Study of Association of Polymorphic Markers of the SOD1, SOD2, and SOD3 Genes with Longevity

Abstract

For the first time, a study of genetic factors of longevity was conducted in the prevalent populations of 2511 residents of the Republic of Bashkortostan—Russians, Bashkirs, and Tatars. We investigated the polymorphic markers in the genes of the antioxidant defense enzymes—SOD1 (rs2070424), SOD2 (rs4880), and SOD3 (rs1799895). We detected ethnicity-specific patterns of the distribution of genotype frequencies between Bashkir and Russian groups (rs2070424 of the SOD1 gene, P = 0.003), as well as between Tatars and the groups of Russians and Bashkirs (rs4880 of the SOD2 gene, P < 0.001 and 0.035, respectively). We found associations of the polymorphic markers in SOD family genes with age. Among Russians, the chances to attain longevity were higher in the SOD1*А/А genotype carriers (OR = 1.025, P = 0.001) and lower in those with the SOD1*А/G (OR = 0.975, Р = 0.001) and SOD2*А/А (OR = 0.985, Р = 0.002) genotypes. Among Tatars, we observed a decrease in the SOD2*A/A (OR = 0.989, Р = 0.029) and SOD2*V/V (OR = 0.985, Р < 0.001) genotype frequencies and an increase in the SOD2*A/V genotype frequency (OR = 1.023, P < 0.001). The analysis of genotype and/or allelic combinations of the studied polymorphic loci revealed 12 patterns associated with longevity among Tatars. The SOD1*А and SOD3*С alleles were present in most of the identified combinations. The SOD2 rs4880 polymorphic marker was indicative of longevity: combinations including the SOD2*V/V genotype were associated with lower chances of achieving longevity (OR ≤ 0.45, PFDR ≤ 0.0003), and combinations including the SOD2*A/V genotype were associated with higher chances of achieving longevity (OR ≥ 2.92, PFDR ≤ 1.24 × 10–6).