Abstract
In this study, we demonstrated the effects of the Gallic Acid (GA) molecule on the prostate cancer cells line PC3 using the comet assay (Alkaline electrophoresis) technique and its effects on some important apoptotic factors including BAD (Bcl-2-Associated Death promoter), BAK (Bcl-2 homologous Antagonist/Killer), and BIM (Bcl-2-like protein 11) via simulation analysis by using the Auto Dock and Gromacs software. Following the MTT assay on the PC3 cells, and determining IC50, we used three concentrations of GA to around IC50 to treat PC3 cells. 100 comet pictures were obtained by alkaline electrophoresis and have been analysed with the CASP version 1.2.2 software; all the results were thereafter analysed by the SPSS version 21 statistical software. The IC50 value for GA was determined to be 35 μM. The ratio of tail to head in alkaline electrophoresis for the three concentrations below the IC50 of GA in 25, 30, and 35 μM were measured as 24.7 (2.7), 44.5 (1.8), and 57.3 (1.3) percent, respectively. The results of the preapoptotic factors (BAD, BAK, and BIM) in the performed simulation in the absence and presence of GA showed that the GA protein causes the structural instability in the BAD protein, and the effect of GA can be explained by the creation of hydrogen bonds with proteins. GA is a polyphenol compound in plants that can suppress cell growth and induce apoptosis in PC3 cells in prostate cancer in the range of IC50 concentrations. The apoptotic properties of GA induce pre-apoptotic factors.
Highlights
The importance of antioxidants and polyphenols in the prevention or inhibition of many dangerous diseases, such as cancers and degenerative disorders, is well known today
Another important role of Gallic Acid (GA) against carcinogenesis is the inhibitory effect of GA on Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in K562 and IR-K562 cells, which is in concordance with the fact that GA can inhibit the UDP-glucose dehydrogenase (UGDH) enzyme, and interfere in the conversion of UDP-glucose to UDP-glucuronate by NAD+dependent two-step oxidation in MCF-7 breast carcinomas [12, 13]
The different concentrations of GA were used on prostatic cancer cells line PC3
Summary
The importance of antioxidants and polyphenols in the prevention or inhibition of many dangerous diseases, such as cancers and degenerative disorders, is well known today. GA is a plant polyphenol abundantly found in fruits like berries and grapes, hard wood plant species such as chestnut (Castanea sativa L.) and oak (Quercus robur), and in tea This yellowish white crystal is known to affect several biochemical pathways with strong antioxidant activity [2,3,4,5]. We demonstrated the effects of the Gallic Acid (GA) molecule on the prostate cancer cells line PC3 using the comet assay (Alkaline electrophoresis) technique and its effects on some important apoptotic factors including BAD (Bcl-2-Associated Death promoter), BAK (Bcl-2 homologous Antagonist/Killer), and BIM (Bcl-2-like protein 11) via simulation analysis by using the Auto Dock and Gromacs software
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