Abstract
ABSTRACTA new compound, nigronapthaphenyl, was extracted from the endophytic fungus Nigrospora sphaerica isolated from a mangrove plant Bruguiera gymnorrhyza. The structure of the compound was elucidated by analysis of 1D and 2D NMR spectra and mass spectrometric data. It was tested in vitro for its antimicrobial activity, cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory activity and for its ability to inhibit α-glucosidase. Nigronapthaphenyl showed antibacterial activities against Bacillus subtilis TISTR 088 and Bacillus cereus TISTR 688 with MIC values of 4 and 2 μg/mL respectively. Cytotoxicity against colon cancer cell line HCT 116 was found to be an IC50 value of 9.62 ± 0.5 μM . This further showed potential anti-inflammatory activity amounting to an IC50 of 6.2 ± 0.5 μM and also α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, with an IC50 value of 6.9 ± 0.5 μM.
Highlights
There is a need to search for new antimicrobial agents because infectious diseases still pose a global problem due to emergence of drug-resistant pathogens. (Espada et al 1997; Zhang et al 2000; Selim et al 2012) As a result of diverse cancer types, levels of worldwide mortality rates have elevated
Synthesis of novel anti-cancer drugs has become a crucial requirement. (Kharwar 2011) Different microorganisms inhabit fauna and flora on surface or within cells, giving beneficial as well as non-beneficial effects to the host. Those microorganisms that inhabit healthy plant tissues without causing any apparent harm to the host are known as endophytes. (Huang et al 2001) Endophytic fungi have been found in majority of plant families examined to date
Examples are methicilin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin resistant Enterococci (VRE), tuberculosis strains resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin and fluoroquinolone resistant TB (XDRTB). (Reichenbach and Hofle 2002) Infections caused by resistant microorganisms often fail to respond to conventional treatments, resulting prolonged illnesses and greater risk of deaths
Summary
There is a need to search for new antimicrobial agents because infectious diseases still pose a global problem due to emergence of drug-resistant pathogens. (Espada et al 1997; Zhang et al 2000; Selim et al 2012) As a result of diverse cancer types, levels of worldwide mortality rates have elevated. (Kharwar 2011) Different microorganisms inhabit fauna and flora on surface or within cells, giving beneficial as well as non-beneficial effects to the host Those microorganisms that inhabit healthy plant tissues without causing any apparent harm to the host are known as endophytes. Antimicrobial agents are substances produced by various species of microorganisms, namely as, bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes to suppress the growth of other microorganisms and to eliminate them These drugs have greatly reduced illnesses and deaths from infectious diseases such as bacterial meningitis, neurosyphilis, endocarditis, skin infections etc. Relatively higher number of studies has been conducted to isolate biologically active compounds of endophytes from terrestrial plants, mangrove plants and their associated endophytic fungi have not been investigated, in spite of their rich availability of bioactive molecules, and only a limited antimicrobial screening of this chemodiverse source has been reported. Relatively higher number of studies has been conducted to isolate biologically active compounds of endophytes from terrestrial plants, mangrove plants and their associated endophytic fungi have not been investigated, in spite of their rich availability of bioactive molecules, and only a limited antimicrobial screening of this chemodiverse source has been reported. (Ratnaweera et al 2016) Mangrove forests are fascinating and complex ecosystems. (Romagnoli et al 2007) They serve coastal populations worldwide by protecting shorelines from storm surge and erosion, through filtration and remediation of terrestrial runoff, and as nurseries for important fisheries, among other useful roles. (Mathew et al 2007)
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