Abstract
ABO blood typing has been used for personal identification and paternity testing in forensic medicine and criminal investigations for many years, since the ABO blood types obtained from evidentiary samples are usually one of the initial pieces of information available that could lead to identification of the suspect. Because of this importance of the initial information, many different molecular typing methods have been reported to complement routine serological ABO blood typing in forensics. The method using a multiplex allele-specific primer set enables the detection of six SNP sites in the ABO gene (nt 261, 526 and 803) along with the determination of ABO genotypes from their combinations, which is applied to forensic science casework samples in this paper. An internal validation study has been conducted to show that this method successfully determined ABO genotypes of blood, blood stain, saliva stain, buccal swab, vaginal fluid, hair and low copy number sample with high sensitivity, accuracy, and reproducibility. These results suggest that the method using a multiplex allele-specific primer set is so reliable that it can be used as a rapid screen for forensic science casework samples before multi locus short tandem repeat (STR) profiling is performed.
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