The struggle of the government of Alexei Mikhailovich with the uprising led by S. T. Razin in the summer and autumn of 1671.

Abstract

The subject of the study is the government's activities aimed at eliminating the Razin movement at its final stage. The object of the study is the military actions of government troops against the rebels. The author examines in detail such aspects as: the personalities of the voivodes who participated in the suppression of S.T. Razin's rebellion, the situation in the regions of the Volga region and adjacent counties, the features of the final stage of the Razin "troubles", the reactions of neighboring countries to the events that took place in Russia in 1670-1671 and the conclusions drawn by the government of Alexei Mikhailovich. Special attention is paid to the defense of Simbirsk. Sheremetev and the siege of Astrakhan, the oath of the Don to Moscow, the reaction to the events of the "razinschina" of neighboring states, as well as the changes that occurred in the organization of military departments on the eve of the Russian-Turkish war (1672-1681), thanks to the conclusions made by the government of Alexei Mikhailovich. The methodological basis of the article is the principles of historicism, scientific objectivity and consistency. Within the framework of the article, logical and historical-genetic methods were used. The main conclusions of the study are: immediately after the suppression of the uprising of S.T. Razin, the government resorted to an active process of optimizing and supplying troops, reflected in the reassignment of military units in departments; combat experience gained in battles with the rebels in autumn – winter 1670 and spring 1671. It had a positive effect on the effectiveness of government troops at the final stage of the Razin movement; thanks to the destruction of the anti-government part of the Don Cossacks, sympathy for Moscow strengthened on the Don, which contributed to the swearing in of the Don Cossacks to the tsar; closely monitoring the events of the next "turmoil" in Russia, the Crimean Khanate, in alliance with the Astrakhan and Nogai Tatars, planned to commit a major the raid that didn't take place. A special contribution of the author to the writing of this article is the involvement of unpublished sources from the RGADA Foundation (F. 111). The novelty of the study lies in a detailed examination of the fighting in the summer – autumn of 1671, which became possible by attracting an extensive source base, including archival; the conclusion that the uprising of Stepan Razin prompted the government to change the management of the Russian army; the emphasis on the close attention of neighboring states to the events of the Razin "troubles"