Abstract

A number of physical and chemical techniques are available for the study of macro-molecular protein structure. One of the most direct is the use of electron microscopy, but its use with biological structures suffers from many problems and limitations related to noise, contrast, and specimen damage by the electron beam. Many of these problems can be alleviated through the use of techniques of images analysis which have been developed in recent years (Crowther and Klug, 1975). I would like to present two examples demonstrating how electron microscopy and image analysis have been applied to the structural study of a soluble enzyme, glutamine synthetase, and a membrane-bound enzyme, cytochrome c oxidase.

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