The structure of the yield of promising soybean varieties in the conditions of RNO-Alania

Abstract

The purpose of the research was to study agrotechnical techniques, that contribute to the growth of yields, improve grain quality and improve the technology of cultivation of promising soybean varieties in the Republic of North Ossetia - Alania. Objectives: to establish optimal sowing dates for promising soybean varieties of various ripeness, to study the influence of methods and seeding rates on the productivity of soybean varieties. We studied the influence of seeding rates and seeding methods on the growth, development and features of the production process of promising soybean varieties in the Russian Federation. We also established optimal seeding rates and seeding methods that can ensure optimal growth, development and high productivity of plants. The studies were conducted in the period 2019 - 2021, in the foothill zone of the Republic of North Ossetia – Alania, characterized as a forest-steppe with unstable moisture. The soils are represented by leached chernozems, the arable layer contains from 3 to 4.4% humus. The object of the study were the following soybean varieties: Lira - very early, Irbis - early, Frost - medium–early, Vilana – medium–ripening, Vita - very early, Slavia - medium-ripening, Iriston - medium-ripening. Field germination of seeds decreased with an increase in the seeding rate - from 83.6 to 87.9%. The highest safety of plants for harvesting was established at a seeding rate of 500 thousand/ha (94.2%), and the lowest (82.1%) - at 800 thousand/ha. The highest seed productivity of soybean plants was established at a seeding rate of 500 thousand/ha - 4.5 g. Precocious varieties reacted better to wide-row crops (45 cm). The continuous method of sowing also showed good results. On average, for 3 years, the yield of wide-row sowing was 0.18 t/ha higher than ordinary. The protein content varied slightly depending on the method of sowing, more of it was noted on wide-row crops.