Abstract
The infrared and Raman spectra (1200–1700 cm −1) of aqueous solutions of disodium fumarate, maleate, malonate and succinate, together with those of the fully deuterated analogues, are reported. Unequivocal assignments of the C-O vibrations have been made which lead to a number of corrections to the literature values. Assignments in terms of probable intramolecular vibrational interactions between the four C-O groups are shown to be consistent with the existence of the fumarate, maleate and malonate ions in the planar form but with the existence of the succinate ion in either a non-planar cis form or a non-planar distorted trans form. Possible reasons for the stability of these structures in solution are discussed.
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