Abstract
Anatomical characters can be used as instructions to the structural resistance of plants to pathogen attack. Various pathogens attack sweet potato plants, such as the Sphaceloma batatas fungus that causes scurvy disease (scab). The aims of this research t test the structural resistance of sweet potato plants based on leaf anatomical character and intensity of disease attack due to the inoculated of S. batatas. The research was conducted from June to November 2016, using the Completely Randomized Design Experimental (RAL) method with a factorial pattern. The first factor was ten sweet potato cultivars and the second factor was the inoculum of S. batatas fungus each treatment with five replications. The character of leaf anatomy observed was thick of cuticle, thick of mesophyll, size and number of stomata and number of trichomes per 1 mm2 leaf area. Based on the research result, it was concluded that the inoculation of the fungus of S. batatas caused the decrease of stomata length and width on ten sweet potato cultivars. The highest intensity of disease attack was 14.33% and correlated with stomata length (r = 0.49). The anatomical structural resistance to scurvy can be used as a basis for determining crosses for obtaining superior sweet potato cultivars. The benefit of the research is to advise the community to cultivate sweet potatoes that have structural resistance to scurvy, such as cuticle and thick mesophyll, high trichomata density.
Highlights
The anatomical character is related to the structural resistance of the plant (Zarkova & Koleva-valkova 2014; Rodrigues et al 2015), states that plants infected with pathogens can cause morphological and anatomical changes
This research aims to examine the anatomical structural resistance of 10 sweet potato cultivars based on the leaf anatomical character and to know the intensity of leaf scurvy after being inoculated with S. batatas fungus
The observations on the anatomical character of leaves of 10 sweet potato cultivars, revealed that the thickest cuticle thickness was found in Cilembu cultivar sweet potato, which is 4.60 μm and the thinnest was found in Antin and Sukuh cultivars, i.e. 3.00 μm (Table 1)
Summary
The anatomical character is related to the structural resistance of the plant (Zarkova & Koleva-valkova 2014; Rodrigues et al 2015), states that plants infected with pathogens can cause morphological and anatomical changes. Common anatomical characters used are the thickness of the epidermis, cuticle thickness, leaf mesophyll thickness, stomata size and density of stomata and trichomes in plants (Kumar et al 2012). Cook (1990) added that stomata density could be an indicator of plant resistance to a disease, the higher the density of stomata in the leaves, the penetration and pathogen infection to leaf tissue will decrease further. Rokhana et al (2011) in the research reported that the resistance of chili genotypes to Begomovims causing yellow curling leaves is associated with anatomical characters, i.e., trichomes density and palisade composition in leaf mesophyll Structural resistance has a role to the penetration of pathogens, as the opening of stomata guard cells is thought to be more important than the size and width of stomatal guard cell (Lawson & Blatt 2014). Cook (1990) added that stomata density could be an indicator of plant resistance to a disease, the higher the density of stomata in the leaves, the penetration and pathogen infection to leaf tissue will decrease further. Rokhana et al (2011) in the research reported that the resistance of chili genotypes to Begomovims causing yellow curling leaves is associated with anatomical characters, i.e., trichomes density and palisade composition in leaf mesophyll
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