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Abstract
Background2n pollen play a strong competitive role in hybridization and breeding of multiploids in Rosa hybrida. The ploidy inheritable characteristic of ‘Orange Fire’ × ‘Old Blush’ were analyzed.ResultThe results of the cytological observations indicated that 2n pollen developed from the defeated cytoplasmic division or nuclear division in the meiosis metaphase II of PMC (pollen mother cell) in ‘Old Blush’. The natural generation rate of the 2n pollen in ‘Old Blush’ (2x) was about 1.39 in percentage of all male gametes, whereas the tetraploids in the F1 offspring possessed a high rate, i.e., 44.00%. The temporal and spatial characteristics of ‘Old Blush’ pollen germination on the stigma and growth in pistil of ‘Orange Fire’ and ‘DEE’ were observed, and the results suggested that the germination rate of 2n pollen on the stigma was not superior to that of 1n pollen, but that the proportion of 2n pollen increased to 30.90 and 37.20%, respectively, while it traversed the stigma and entered into style. The callose plug in the 2n pollen tube was significantly thinner than that of 1n pollen tube. And each trait involved in our experiment probably is very important for F1 morphological phenotypes.ConclusionWe conclude that 2n pollen are involved in hybridization and have a competitive advantage while it traversed the stigma and entered into style. The callose plug in the 2n pollen tube was may have strongly influenced the competitive process in R. hybrida.
Highlights
Polyploidization, an important mechanism for species formation, occurs widely in plants
A ploidy diagram of the The first filial generation (F1) hybrid of ‘Orange Fire’ × ‘Old Blush’ detected by flow cytometry is shown in Additional file 1: Figure S2, a ploidy diagram of the F1 hybrid of ‘Chun Chao’ × ‘Slater’s Crimson China’ detected by flow cytometry is shown in Additional file 1: Fig. S3, a ploidy diagram of the F1 hybrid of ‘DEE’ × ‘ Slater’s Crimson China’ detected by flow cytometry is shown in Additional file 1: Fig. S4, and a ploidy diagram of the F1 hybrid of ‘DEE’ × ‘Old Blush’ detected by flow cytometry is shown in Additional file 1: Figure S5
The DNA amounts of parents and F1 hybrids of ‘Orange Fire’ × ‘Old Blush’ detected by flow cytometry is shown in Additional file 2: Table S1, the DNA amounts of parents and F1 hybrids of ‘Chun Chao’ × ‘Slater’s Crimson China’ detected by flow cytometry is shown in Additional file 2: Table S2, the DNA amounts of F1 hybrids of ‘DEE’ × ‘Slater’s Crimson China’ detected by flow cytometry is shown in Additional file 2: Table S3, the DNA amounts of ‘DEE’ × ‘Old Blush’ detected by flow cytometry is shown in Additional file 2: Table S4
Summary
Polyploidization, an important mechanism for species formation, occurs widely in plants. Genome replication has occurred in species over evolutionary time [1]. Polyploidy may be derived via many pathways, such as in the rapid and efficient unreduced gametes by the crossing of parents producing polyploidy in their offspring. The formation of fertile polyploids does promote genetic and diversity, and facilitates polyploid breeding. The relevance of polyploidy to speciation is itself still a topic of some contention.
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