The Stratosphere‐Ionosphere‐Protonosphere Coupling: Evidence From the Ion Composition Observations During the 2009 Sudden Stratospheric Warming

Abstract

AbstractPrevious studies suggested that sudden stratospheric warmings (SSW) change the global atmosphere from troposphere to thermosphere/ionosphere. We report the low‐latitude O+ and H+ composition at 840‐km altitude during the 2009 SSW, with the DMSP satellite morning measurements. Our results indicate that the stratospheric variation around 30‐km altitude modulates the ion exchange between the ionosphere and protonosphere via the vertical and field‐aligned plasma drifts due to the enhanced lunar semidiurnal tides. The upward disturbance drift uplifts the ionospheric O+ into the protonosphere, and most O+ is changed to H+ via chemical coupling, while the O+/H+ transition height does not change under combined effects of the southward and upward disturbance drifts on 24–29 January. The disturbance drift turns downward, lowers the O+/H+ transition height, depletes the O+ density in the protonosphere, and the H+ at higher altitudes moves downward to supply the H+ at 840 km from 30 January to 5 February.