Abstract
Diesel engines are more efficient than forced ignition engines but due to diffused combustion and work with high air residue levels, burning products contain soot and NOx, pollutants that work Handling it on the road today still has many technical problems. The technology of organizing the combustion of diesel engines directly affects the level of pollution generated. Direct injection diesel engines have a lower fuel consumption than a combustion engine with a separation of about 10% and a lower level of soot emissions when the engine is operating in local loading mode. However, direct injection engines work noisier and generate more pollutants (NOx, HC). Today, this type of combustion chamber is only used for heavy-duty truck engines. Limiting the optimal emission level for diesel engines needs to balance the concentration of the two main pollutants, NOx and soot. Low temperature combustion (LTC) engines need different enabling technologies depending on the fuel and strategy used to achieve combustion of the premixed fuel–air mixture. Controlling the combustion rate is one of the major challenges in LTC engines, particularly in PPCI combustion engine to achieve higher thermal efficiency, the desired phasing of combustion timings is essential even at moderate combustion rates. Present chapter describes the combustion control variables and control strategies used for LTC engines. Various methods demonstrated to control the LTC engines can be categorized in to two main strategies: (i) altering pressure–temperature and (ii) altering fuel reactivity of the charge.
Highlights
Of the total emissions polluting the urban air environment, emissions from road motor vehicles occupy the leading position
In case of internal Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), hot residual gases are trapped in the cylinder by changing the valve timings
Several methods are proposed to address the cold start in HCCI engines such as the use of spark plugs, increased compression ratios by VCR or valve timing (VVT) and the use of different fuels or fuel additives
Summary
Of the total emissions polluting the urban air environment, emissions from road motor vehicles occupy the leading position. For engines with separate combustion chambers, the control of fuel flow with reduced spray angle can reduce NOx emissions by 30% in the exhaust gas, but increases the HC content to 100%, CO up to 70% up to 150% [7]-[11]. In order to ensure proper spray regulation at all working modes of the engine both in terms of emission and technical and economic features, the current generation sensors λ on the discharge line Combined with this sensor, pressure sensors, intake air temperature and engine speed, it is possible to accurately control the timing of the injection and the amount of fuel supplied per cycle. Emissions from ceramic materials allow for the re-oxidation of soot and HC, but increase NOx. Direct-injection diesel engines have a ceramic-free combustion chamber that reduces the concentration of pollutants in low-load mode. When the load is high, NOx and soot concentrations increase despite the high temperature of the combustion chamber allowing re-burning of soot at the end of the cycle
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