Abstract
Supplement 1 to the ‘Guide to the expression of uncertainty of measurement’ describes a Monte Carlo method as a general numerical approach to uncertainty evaluation. Application of the approach typically delivers a large number of values of the output quantity of interest from which summary information such as an estimate of the quantity, its associated standard uncertainty, and a coverage interval for the quantity can be obtained and reported. This paper considers the use of a Monte Carlo method for uncertainty evaluation in calibration, using two examples to demonstrate how so-called ‘digital calibration certificates’ can allow the complete set of results of a Monte Carlo calculation to be reported.
Highlights
Technological advancements within the last few decades have served to digitalise many aspects of metrology
This paper focuses on how the D-System of Units (SI) allows uncertainty information, including the complete set of results of a Monte Carlo calculation, to be provided within a Digital calibration certificates (DCCs)
The Digital SI (D-SI) allows for uncertainty information by extending the basic concept in Table 1 to allow the provision of an expanded uncertainty or a probabilistically symmetric coverage interval
Summary
Technological advancements within the last few decades have served to digitalise many aspects of metrology. Should information about the measurand be required as input to a subsequent calculation, it is common, in the absence of any other information, for a Gaussian (normal) distribution, with expectation and standard deviation given, respectively, e.g., by the estimate and standard uncertainty quoted on the calibration certificate, to be assigned to the measurand. Such an assignment is often made even though the true probability distribution may be significantly different. The stages are summarised below for the cases where the measurand is real and univariate, and real and multivariate
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