Abstract
Nanochitin whisker (NC) with a cationic nature could enhance plant photosynthesis, grain yield, and quality of wheat, but have not been systematically studied. This study was designed to investigate the stimulatory effects of NC on dry matter (DM) and nitrogen (N) accumulation and translocation, and on the metabolism of carbon (C) and N in later growth stages of winter wheat to reveal the enhancement mechanism of grain yield and crude protein concentration. Different parts of NC-treated plants from pot grown experiments were collected at the pre- and post-anthesis stages. The accumulation, translocation, and contributions of DM and N from pre-anthesis vegetation organs to grains, as well as key metabolic enzyme activities, including sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), were examined. The results showed that, at an application rate of 6 mg·kg−1 of NC in the soil, the accumulation of DM and N were significantly enhanced by 16.2% and 38.8% in pre-anthesis, and by 15.4% and 30.0% in post-anthesis, respectively. Translocation of N and DM in the post-anthesis periods were enhanced by 38.4% and 50.9%, respectively. NC could also stimulate enzyme activities, and increased 39.8% and 57.1% in flag leaves, and by 36.0% and 58.8% in spikes, respectively, at anthesis. SPS and PEPC increased by 28.2% and 45.1% in flag leaves, and by 42.2% and 56.5% in spikes, respectively, at 15 days after anthesis. The results indicated that the NC promoted N metabolism more than C metabolism, and resulted in the enhancement of grain yield by 27.56% and of crude protein concentration in grain by 13.26%, respectively.
Highlights
Metabolism of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) is the most basic metabolic process in plants [1].The accumulation and translocation of both plant dry matter and N are closely related to crop yield and important quality indicators [2,3]
The difference in difference in size measured by different methods mainly on nm the fundamental principles of like structure was in the range of 15–30 nm in was width and based
We found that nanochitin could enhance dry matter accumulation in the vegetative organs at maturity (DMA-VO-M), the dry matter translocation (DMT), and percentage of translocation from pre-anthesis vegetative organs to grains (DMTP), as well as the N accumulation in vegetative organs at maturity (NA-VO-M), translocation of N (NT), and percentage of N translocated from pre-anthesis vegetative organs to grains (NTP), and reached a peak at the 6 mg·kg−1 of nanochitin application rate (Table 3)
Summary
The accumulation and translocation of both plant dry matter and N are closely related to crop yield and important quality indicators [2,3]. To improve crop and grain quality, the regulation of the accumulation and translocation of dry matter and N in crop. Molecules 2019, 24, 1752 production has attracted great attention around the world. Different approaches, such as fertilization, water regulation, cultivation and tillage, variety utilization, and application of exogenous regulators, have been implemented to enhance the accumulation and translocation of dry matter and N to boost crop production [5,6,7]. Some nanoparticles and amino acids have been used as plant growth biostimulants to enhance wheat yield and grain quality [8,9,10,11]
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