The Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in patients of Vitebsk regional clinical hospital: a retrospective analysis

Abstract

The purpose of our research was to study the incidence and etiology of Stevens–Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) according to the Vitebsk regional clinical hospital for the last 5 years. Materials and methods. The incidence of SJS/TEN in the last 5 years were studied and analyzed according to statistical reports of the allergic Department of the Vitebsk regional clinical hospital, and according to discharge summaries of patients treated with SJS/TEN. Results. Over the past 5 years, from 2012 to 2017, we observed 17 cases of SJS and 3 cases of TEN in patients aged 23 to 80 years (mean age 51,5 years), men – 14 (70%), women – 6(30%). SJS was found in men (65%), women (35%). All cases of TEN were identified only in men. In patients with SJS 6 cases (35%) are associated with treatment with carbamazepine, 2(12%) – korvalole, 2 – remantadine, 2 – nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, 2 – antibiotics, 1 (6%) – fluconazole, 1 – angrymaks, and in 1 case the cause of the disease could not be established. In five out of twenty patients the occurrence of SJS/TEN was preceded by acute respiratory disease (25%). Treatment included local antiseptics, administration of saline solutions, systemic steroids, in 10% cases - intravenous immunoglobulin and plasmapheresis. One case of TEN was complicated by the syndrome of systemic inflammatory response, there were no fatalities. Conclusion. SJS/TEN is more common in men (70%) than in women (30%). The most common reason (35%) of the SJS/TEN is receiving treatment with carbamazepine. Early therapy with systemic steroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, plasmapheresis promotes the fastest recovery of patients.