Abstract
In order to illustrate the behavioral regulation in environmental stress, the behavioral responses of the Chinese rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) to arprocarb, carbofuran, and oxamyl were analyzed with an online monitoring system. The Self-Organizing Map (SOM) was used to define the patterns of the behavioral data obtained from treatments at concentrations of 0.1 toxic unit (TU), 1 TU, 2 TU, 5 TU, 10 TU, and 20 TU and a control. In certain cases, differences among the carbamate pesticides (CPs) tested were observed. The profiles of behavioral strength (BS) in SOM varied according to the concentration used. The time of the first significant decrease of the BS varied inversely with the CP concentrations. The results suggested that the behavioral regulation in the stepwise behavioral responses (SBR) was evident. The primary movement behaviors shown by the SBR model included no effect, stimulation, acclimation, adjustment (readjustment), and toxic effect, especially at the lower concentrations. However, higher stress (10 TU and 20 TU) might limit the function of the behavioral adjustment produced by the intrinsic response mechanisms. It was concluded that SBR, which were affected by both the concentration and the exposure time, could be used as a suitable indicator in the ecotoxicological risk assessment of CPs.
Highlights
Carbamate pesticides (CPs) developed and applied as insecticides have long been in use
These results showed that almost no negative effects on the behavioral responses occurred in the control or during the first 6 min of pesticide exposure
The stepwise behavioral responses were more evident at the lower concentrations (0.1 toxic unit (TU), 1 TU, and 2 TU) than at the higher concentrations (10 TU and 20 TU)
Summary
Carbamate pesticides (CPs) developed and applied as insecticides have long been in use. Their widespread application has caused varying amounts of pollution in many rivers and lakes. These compounds can inhibit cholinesterase (ChE) [1] and produce unregulated nerve ending activation and paralysis in organisms [2]. CPs can even cause severe poisoning in humans These observations suggest that CP pollution of the environment is a serious problem that requires increased attention [5,6,7]. It is necessary to gain a clear understanding of the potential threats to human health and the ecological balance of aquatic ecosystems posed by the presence of these substances in the aquatic environment
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