Abstract
ObjectivesThis study aims to explore the status of Shandong Province, China residents’ health promotion lifestyle and its influencing factors, especially to explore how health attitude affects health promotion lifestyle, thus can make targeted recommendations for health promotion in China and similar areas.Methods1800 adults were selected from urban and rural areas of Shandong Province, China, using multistage stratified, cluster random sampling method. A survey was conducted face-to-face from March to May, 2018, using Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile and Health Attitude Questionnaire. The between-group measured data were compared by One-way ANOVA or t-tests. The correlation between the health attitude and health promotion lifestyle was examined by Pearson correlation. Logistic regression model was used to examine the related factors influencing health promotion lifestyle. Health promotion lifestyle is the dependent variable, and gender, education level, annual family per capita income and health attitude are the independent variables.ResultsThe mean (SD) of HPLP-IICR total score of the participants was 82.12(16.63). 54.50% of the participants had poor or average health promotion lifestyle, while 45.50% had good or excellent health promotion lifestyle. Significant differences existed in health promotion lifestyle among different gender, education level, income level, marital status, and health attitude (Ps < 0.001). Multivariable Logistic regression model found that male (OR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.12–0.34), high school education level (OR = 0.57, 95% CI:0.17–0.41), junior middle school & below (OR = 0.42; 95% CI:0.12–0.33), annual family per capita income with < 10,000 CNY (OR = 2.53, 95% CI:1.24–2.06; OR = 2.14, 95% CI:1.08–3.12), low health affection (OR = 0.39, 95% CI:2.15–4.22), and low health behavioral intention (OR = 0.21; 95% CI: 2.33–5.29) were statistically significant correlates of average or poor health promotion lifestyle.ConclusionsThe health lifestyle needs to be further promoted in Shandong Province, China. The government and social sectors are encouraged to make more efforts to improve the accessibility and quality of health services. Meanwhile, individual responsibility cannot be ignored as well. More affective factors and operable measures should be added to enhance health affection and health behavioral intention, so as to enhance health promotion lifestyle.
Highlights
Several studies have demonstrated that lifestyle plays a vital role in explaining health and disease, especially concerning the onset of disease, seeking help, disease management, and health outcomes [1,2,3]
In China, three decades of unprecedented, rapid economic development have resulted in high rates of urbanization and accelerated advances in technology, which in turn have led to major changes in the health lifestyle [6, 7] of more than 1.3 billion people [8]
This study has found that health affection plays a more important role in the initiation of health promotion lifestyle than health cognition, that was consistent with studies of Lawton [57] and Phipps [58]
Summary
Several studies have demonstrated that lifestyle plays a vital role in explaining health and disease, especially concerning the onset of disease, seeking help, disease management, and health outcomes [1,2,3]. In China, three decades of unprecedented, rapid economic development have resulted in high rates of urbanization and accelerated advances in technology, which in turn have led to major changes in the health lifestyle [6, 7] of more than 1.3 billion people [8]. That can increase the possibility of developing unhealthy body weight [10, 11], which can in turn lead to an increased health risk for hyperlipidemia, high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, low bone density, and other diseases [12]. Previous study demonstrated that among older Chinese adults (age ≥ 60 years), the overall prevalence of multimorbidity was up to 87.0% in urban residents [13], while the proportion was even up to 90% [14] in rural residents. The medical burden of chronic diseases has become the largest proportion of medical expenses of rural residents in China [15]
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