Abstract
A static bike rebalancing problem with optimal user incentives is investigated. The problem is formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear and nonconvex programming model to minimize the total cost, including the travel costs, unbalanced penalties, and incentive costs. We reformulate the mixed-integer program and develop a new outer-approximation method to obtain its global ε-optimal solutions. We also propose a bi-level variable neighborhood search algorithm to solve large problems. The results tested on small examples reveal problem properties and the performance of the outer-approximation method. The results tested on large examples show that the bi-level algorithm can provide high-quality solutions with short computational times.
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