Abstract
This paper aims to review the state of the art in topologies for electric springs (ESs) and their suitability for different applications in distributed power systems with sufficient power generation from renewable energy sources, especially at domestic households. Owing to the fact that there exist many kind of ESs, a comprehensive overview of single-phase ESs sequenced as ES-1, ES-2, ES-3 and other forms, three-phase ESs (TPESs) sequenced as TPES-1, TPES-2 etc., and direct current ES (DCES) sequenced as DCES-1, DCES-2, PVES is conducted. The originalities, advantages and disadvantages of each ES topology version are analyzed to propose its most suitable application. Besides, comparisons between ESs and traditional flexible alternating current transmission (FACTS) devices are addressed. Finally, conclusions and possible future research trends are pointed out.
Highlights
With the increasing proportion of power generation from intermittent renewable energy sources (RESs) injected to traditional power systems, stability issues have become more and more severe [1].Electrical loads may suffer unsafe voltage and/or power fluctuations to some extent
Voltage sources with a middle point N, a three-phase direct current (DC)/alternating current (AC) inverter and three separate LC filters with the capacitors paralleled to the primary windings of three different transformers and with the secondary windings placed in series with non-critical loads (NCLs); the voltage across each capacitor, denoted as vES, is termed as the electric springs (ESs) that voltage, the currentcould through denotedgreatly as iL, isby termed as ESproper current control
This paper has provided a comprehensive overview of the state of the art in topologies of ESs
Summary
With the increasing proportion of power generation from intermittent renewable energy sources (RESs) injected to traditional power systems, stability issues have become more and more severe [1]. Electric springs (ESs) [12] were proposed for future distributed microgrids [13,14] as a new concept where load demand follows power generation dynamically [15]. It has been shown that the lifetime of storage devices and system reliability can be greatly enhanced by equipping existing power generation systems with ESs [16]. The power generation block consists of a traditional AC power source injected by the power generation from RESs. The power generation block consists of a traditional AC power source injected by the power generation from RESs Many load centers such as electrical devices in residential. Energies 2018, 11, 1724 injected by the power generation from RESs. Energies 2018, 11, 1724 injected by the power generation from RESs Many load centers such as electrical devices in residential buildings are connected and located along the distribution line in the power grid.
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