Abstract
Diesel particulate filter (DPF), as part of aftertreatment system of internal combustion engine, is considered to be the only feasible way to prominently lessen particle emissions under the requirement of today’s strict regulations such as Euro Ⅵ, US Tier 3 and China Ⅵ. This paper gives a brief introduction of the mechanism and regeneration approaches of DPF, with emphasis on soot load estimation inside the filters, which plays a vital role in formulating regeneration control strategy and ensuring exhaust systemic dependability. Various methods are covered according to different principles, including differential-pressure based methods, which are mostly used nowadays, novel model-based methods and also several newfangled soot sensors, which are progressively developed to meet the increasingly stringent on-board diagnosis (OBD) requirements. The focus of future soot detection and quantitative prediction is to improve accuracy, reliability and robustness, which may necessitate consideration of soot distribution, ash effect, failure identification and fault tolerance handling.
Highlights
Due to the relatively higher heat efficiency and better fuel economy compared to spark ignition (SI) engines, compression ignition (CI) engines running on diesel or bio-diesel fuels are of significance to modern energy saving and emission reduction technology and applied in more fields [1]
The interception collecting mechanism, on the contrary, ignore the particle mass, as particles of different size flowing along the exhaust streamline, the particle come into contact with the collector surface and be intercepted when the distance between the streamline and the trapping unit is less than or equal to the radius of the particle
Mentioned Diesel particulate filter (DPF) regeneration methods, two primary challenges are worth noticing and can be summarized as DPF damage and incomplete DPF regeneration [25]. The former is mainly manifested as DPF local incineration and fracture and the main reason for this result is that the timing of regeneration startup is too late, which leaves the filters overload with soot and leads to the excessive local temperature of DPF in the regeneration process, exceeding the melting point of DPF material and resulting in DPF damage
Summary
Due to the relatively higher heat efficiency and better fuel economy compared to spark ignition (SI) engines, compression ignition (CI) engines running on diesel or bio-diesel fuels are of significance to modern energy saving and emission reduction technology and applied in more fields [1]. Diesel particulate filter (DPF) technology is recognized as an effective way to cut down PM emissions. The wall-flow DPF can remove almost all the soot and metallic particles with quite impressive efficiency of 95% in mass and 99% in number [7]. This monolith is usually cylindrical ceramic with thousands of fine parallel channels, which are plugged at each end alternatively. Works and studies about soot load estimation are mainly discussed (including theoretical and experimental methods applied in steady or transient state conditions based on different principles) to seek for a feasible regeneration strategy with an ultimate aim of preventing emission penalties. Related technologies with good prospects for the future OBD requirements such as soot sensors are covered to meet the increasingly stringent emission regulations
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