Abstract
Drones have expanded from military operations to performing a broad range of civilian applications. As drone usage increases, humans will interact with such systems more often, therefore, it is important to achieve a natural human-drone interaction. Although some knowledge can be derived from the field of human-robot interaction, drones can fly in a 3D space, which essentially changes how humans can interact with them, making human-drone interaction a field of its own. This paper is the first survey on the emerging field of human-drone interaction focusing on multi-rotor systems, providing an overview of existing literature and the current state of the art in the field. This work begins with an analysis and comparison of the drone models that are commonly used by end-users and researchers in the field of human-drone interaction. Following, the current state of the field is discussed, including the roles of humans in HDI, innovative control methods, remaining aspects of interaction, and novelty drone prototypes and applications. This paper concludes by presenting a discussion of current challenges and future work in the field of human-drone interaction.
Highlights
Drones, known as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), are robots capable of flying autonomously or through different control modalities such as joysticks, smart-phones, the human brain, voice, gestures, and others
The United States Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) expects that by 2022 the number of registered drones in their database might be as high as 3.8 million units [1]
This paper focuses on the interaction among humans and multi-rotor drones, which are capable of flying in a 3D space, hovering, and vertical takeoff and landing
Summary
Known as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), are robots capable of flying autonomously or through different control modalities such as joysticks, smart-phones, the human brain, voice, gestures, and others. This paper focuses on the interaction among humans and multi-rotor drones, which are capable of flying in a 3D space, hovering, and vertical takeoff and landing. As HDI is a relatively new field, this work was motivated to summarize the existing literature and present the state-of-the-art in the field This survey shows that the current state of the art research in human-drone interaction consists of evaluating and developing new control modalities, enhancing human-drone communication, evaluating interaction distance, and developing new use cases.
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