THE STATE CREDITE ON UKRAINIAN LANDS AT THE END OF ХVIII — AT THE BEGINNING OF ХХ CENTURIES: THE HISTORY AND LEGAL CHARACTERISTICS

Abstract

The article deals with the historical and legal analysis of the formation and development of the state credit system in the Ukrainian lands. The article outlines the conditions and circumstances under which the organizational and legal foundations of the credit activity of banking and other state institutions were formed. During the incorporation of Ukraine into the Russian Empire, the elimination of Ukrainian statehood, and the encroachment upon the very cultural and national identity of the Ukrainians, the system of state credit actually did not exist. The attempts to create banking institutions were unsuccessful because there was niether any market formed nor money and securities in the feudal serfdom empire.
 The changes only took place in the course of capitalist modernization in the second half of the nineteenth century. The abolition of serfdom made available a large number of workers and the legislator faced the urgent task of creating legal foundations for the development of the credit market. The main reform was the creation of the State Bank in 1860, which, in addition to regulating money market, emission activities, made long-term loans. It was guided by the statutory statute, other regulatory legal acts. In order to promote the credit in the sphere of agriculture, in particular mortgage, the Peasant Land Bank and the State Noble Land Bank were established, which got advantages together with privately owned entities. The offices, branches and agencies of the State Bank and the branches of State Land Banks were directly active in Ukrainian provinces Their activity (and, accordingly, its legal regulation) was under the influenc of the specific features of Ukraine’s financial and economic development, namely, a much more higher pace of industrial and agricultural development than in other regions of the Russian empire. But the insufficient development of long-term crediing in Ukraine had the negative impact on that development.