The state and problems of increasing milk production in Russian Federation

Abstract

Milk production in the implementation of a competent management approach is a profitable agricultural business. To improve management decision making, regular monitoring of the situation on the milk market is needed. Our analysis showed that, despite the reduction in the number of dairy cows in all forms of management and despite the decline in milk production, in the period from 1990 to 2016 in the agricultural organizations of the country, the productivity of dairy cows increased by two folds. Secondly, the cost of producing one center of milk decreased four-fold, which indicates the processes, innovations, mechanization and automation of production are in place and working well. Thirdly, labor costs per cow, in man-hours decreased by 2.5 times. Fourthly, it is positive that the loss of milk decreased by half. Fifthly, the export of milk, which includes exports both to non-CIS countries and the CIS, has increased by 93%. In order to identify the factors that affect the productivity of dairy cows, we performed a special correlation regression analysis. Our analysis allows us to conclude that the most significant factors affecting the productivity of dairy cows are: (1) the cost per year for the maintenance of one cow, in thousands of rubles; (2) labor costs for the production of one center of milk, man-hours; (3) the number of livestock per 100 hectares of agricultural land, heads; (4) the mass of one calf at birth, in kilograms; (5) the load per operator of machine milking, heads; (5) average monthly salary of a machine milking operator, rubles. The state regulation of dairy cattle breeding should be carried out on the basis of competent economic mechanisms, it presupposes rationalization of the structure of agricultural production, inter-industry and inter-farm relations, the creation of stable economic, legal and social conditions for the development of agriculture, taking into account the already achieved production results, available and potential resource base, especially availability of basic production assets.