Abstract
The present work aims to rescue, in the course of history, the importance of Foyer’s journal and its influence on the emerging cultural panel in Brazil. Despite its ephemeral passage on the national scene, since Rio de Janeiro was practically the stage for major political, economic, cultural and, above all, literary transformations, the aforementioned periodical played a relevant role in a society in formation, by the scenes of a city which intended to become a cultural pole in the tropics. This is a survey conducted in the collection of periodicals of the National Library Foundation/Brazil, together with a bibliographic research. We conducted a study of the chronicles published in the newspaper Foyer, highlighting the importance of theater in the new sociability that was formed in Rio de Janeiro in the 19th century. This work was part of the project “Urban cartographies: centers and margins”, financed through the CNPq Research Productivity Scholarship - National Council for Scientific and Technological Development. Rio de Janeiro, under the strong influence of French culture, still breathed the air of a transition in which literature, theater and the growing interest in reading set the tone and decided the cultural direction of an emerging nation. In addition, serials, periodicals, newspapers, in general, and, in this case, Foyer, recorded, with singularity, the scenes of a population, of plural habits, that seemed to stage in life what happened on stages, mixing therefore, the daily life with theatrical art.
Highlights
The 19th century was marked by several changes in the world, starting with the introduction of the sign of modernity from a rationality in thinking and the capitalism consolidation, with the industry heyday, consumption and new social and economic practices that transformed the face of society, with resonances in the most diverse fields of social life, from politics, economics, to literature and the arts: The Industrial Revolution, with the rapid industrial development, brought about profound changes in European societies, traditionally agrarian, one of the most important was the fast process of transformation in cities
A search was made for a “scientific organization” of humanity, and for the scientific control of social phenomena, which was largely addressed by authors such as Fourier, with his model of society, ‘Falansterio’; by Saint-Simon, with his technocratic guidelines and by Auguste Comte, with his positivist philosophy [2]
The periodical press has an important role in the formation of modern society, precisely because it conveys modernity discourses imported from France: Until the end of the 19th century, France is for Spain and Latin America the privileged reference, whether in relation to the main equipment for printing newspapers or final products in French or in the language of the country, such as either translated or adapted [...] or even pirated, and when ordering publications made abroad and imported, the French reference material dominates [5]
Summary
The 19th century was marked by several changes in the world, starting with the introduction of the sign of modernity from a rationality in thinking and the capitalism consolidation, with the industry heyday, consumption and new social and economic practices that transformed the face of society, with resonances in the most diverse fields of social life, from politics, economics, to literature and the arts: The Industrial Revolution, with the rapid industrial development, brought about profound changes in European societies, traditionally agrarian, one of the most important was the fast process of transformation in cities. In the midst of the modern city new configuration, which has come to represent the civilization locus as opposed to the countryside, the new sociability develops in ordinary citizens and in literatures, in artists, and the periodicals exalt the modern urban world, whether them in Europe or in other parts of the world as was the case in Brazil In this context, the periodical press has an important role in the formation of modern society, precisely because it conveys modernity discourses imported from France: Until the end of the 19th century, France is for Spain and Latin America the privileged reference, whether in relation to the main equipment for printing newspapers (including “utensils” and boards prepared for engraving) or final products in French or in the language of the country, such as either translated or adapted [...] or even pirated, and when ordering publications made abroad and imported, the French reference material dominates [5]. What we want to highlight in this work is the existence of the most varied journals, one of them with the title of Foyer, which already indicates the subject of its specialty and uses a word that is very popular in the late 19th century
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