Abstract
The strong cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant responsible for thesynthesis and stability of gold nanorod solutions complicates their biomedicalapplications. The critical parameter to maintain nanorod stability is the ratio of CTABto nanorod concentration. The ratio is approximately 740 000 as determined bychloroform extraction of the CTAB from a nanorod solution. A comparison ofnanorod stabilization by thiol-terminal PEG and by anionic polymers reveals thatPEGylation results in higher yields and less aggregation upon removal of CTAB. Aheterobifunctional PEG yields nanorods with exposed carboxyl groups for covalentconjugation to antibodies with the zero-length carbodiimide linker EDC. This conjugationstrategy leads to approximately two functional antibodies per nanorod according tofluorimetry and ELISA assays. The nanorods specifically targeted cells in vitro andwere visible with both two-photon and confocal reflectance microscopies. Thiscovalent strategy should be generally applicable to other biomedical applicationsof gold nanorods as well as other gold nanoparticles synthesized with CTAB.
Published Version
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