Abstract
This paper studies a low-carbon dual-channel supply chain in which a manufacturer sells products through the direct channel and traditional channel, and a retailer sells products through the traditional channel. The manufacturer considers carbon emission reduction and has fairness concern behavior. The retailer provides sales service in the traditional channel and considers fairness concern behavior. The objective of this paper is to analyze the effects of different parameter values on the price stability and utility of the supply chain system emphatically using 2D bifurcation diagram, parameter plot basin, the basins of attraction, chaos attractor and sensitivity to the initial value, etc. The results find that the retailer’s fairness concern behavior shrinks the stability of the supply chain system more than that of the manufacturer’s fairness concern behavior. The system stability region decreases with the increase of carbon emission reduction level and the retailer’s fairness concern. The customers’ preference for the direct channel decreases the stable range of the direct channel, while it enlarges the stable range of the traditional channel. The supply chain system enters into chaos through flip bifurcation with the increase of price adjustment speed. In a stable state, the manufacture improving customer’s preference for the direct channel and the retailer choosing the appropriate fairness concern level can achieve the maximum utility separately. In a chaotic state, the average utilities of the manufacturer and retailer all decline, while that of the retailer declines even more. By selecting appropriate control parameter, the low-carbon dual-channel supply chain system can return to a stable state from chaos again. The research of this paper is of great significance to price decisions of participants and supply chain operation management.
Highlights
Under the enormous environmental pressure, the low-carbon economy based on low energy consumption [1], low emission and low pollution has gradually become the focus of global attention
Liu et al [32] analyzed the impacts of the fairness concerns on production sustainability level, low-carbon promotion level and profitability of supply chain, but they did not consider the dual-channel structure and channel service
The low-carbon economy has gradually become the focus of global attention, it is a very interesting topic to study the stability and complex characteristics of the low-carbon dual-channel supply chain system affected by fairness concern behavior, retailer service and carbon emission reduction
Summary
Under the enormous environmental pressure, the low-carbon economy based on low energy consumption [1], low emission and low pollution has gradually become the focus of global attention. Zhou et al [11] developed two contracts considering advertising and emission reduction to optimize the decision and coordination of low-carbon supply chain when the retailer had fairness concerns. Zhou and Ye [12] developed a differential game model in a dual-channel supply chain considering joint emission reduction strategies. Liu et al [32] analyzed the impacts of the fairness concerns on production sustainability level, low-carbon promotion level and profitability of supply chain, but they did not consider the dual-channel structure and channel service. The low-carbon economy has gradually become the focus of global attention, it is a very interesting topic to study the stability and complex characteristics of the low-carbon dual-channel supply chain system affected by fairness concern behavior, retailer service and carbon emission reduction.
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