Abstract
The porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes a highly contagious disease in pigs, which is one of the most devastating viral diseases of swine in the world. In China, PEDV was first confirmed in 1984 and PEDV infections occurred sporadically from 1984 to early 2010. From late 2010 until present, PEDV infections have swept every province or region in China. In this study, we analyzed a total of 186 full-length spike genes and deduced proteins of all available complete genomes of PEDVs isolated in China during 2007–2019. A total of 28 potential recombination events were identified in the spike genes of PEDVs in China. Spike gene recombination not only expanded the genetic diversity of PEDVs in the GII genogroup, but also resulted in the emergence of a new evolutional branch GI-c during 2016–2018. In addition, comparative analysis of spike proteins between GI-a prototype virulent CV777 and GII strain AJ1102 reveals that the amino acid variations could affect 20 potential linear B cell epitopes, demonstrating a dramatic antigen drift in the spike protein. These results provide a thorough view of the information about the genetic and antigenic diversity of PEDVs circulating in China and therefore could benefit the development of suitable strategies for disease control.
Highlights
Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) [1]
To thoroughly understand the variation and evolution of PEDVs in China, we constructed a phylogenetic tree based on the full-length S genes of 190 PEDV strains, 186 of which were isolated in China from 2007 to 2019
To explore the genetic relationships and evolution of PEDVs that circulated in China during 2007–2019, the complete nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of a total of 186 full-length S genes were analyzed in this report
Summary
Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) [1]. PED was first reported in England in 1971, but PEDV was isolated for the first time in Belgium in 1978 and designated as prototype coronavirus virulent CV777 [4]. PEDV is a large enveloped RNA virus. It is a member of the genus Alphacoronavirus within the Coronaviridae family in the order Nidovirales [4]. The PEDV genome RNA is approximately 28 kb in length with a 5′-cap and a 3′-polyadenylated tail. It contains at least 7 open reading frames (ORF1a, ORF1b, and ORF2-6) [9]. The ppla and pplab are processed during translation by internal proteases into 16 nsps that are mainly responsible for the regulation of
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