Abstract
SPECIES is an undulator-based soft X-ray beamline that replaced the old I511 beamline at the MAX II storage ring. SPECIES is aimed at high-resolution ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS), near-edge X-ray absorption fine-structure (NEXAFS), X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) experiments. The beamline has two branches that use a common elliptically polarizing undulator and monochromator. The beam is switched between the two branches by changing the focusing optics after the monochromator. Both branches have separate exit slits, refocusing optics and dedicated permanent endstations. This allows very fast switching between two types of experiments and offers a unique combination of the surface-sensitive XPS and bulk-sensitive RIXS techniques both in UHV and at elevated ambient-pressure conditions on a single beamline. Another unique property of the beamline is that it reaches energies down to approximately 27 eV, which is not obtainable on other current APXPS beamlines. This allows, for instance, valence band studies under ambient-pressure conditions. In this article the main properties and performance of the beamline are presented, together with selected showcase experiments performed on the new setup.
Highlights
Beamline I511 on the MAX II storage ring of the MAX IV Laboratory, which was decommissioned in 2013, combined successfully two types of spectroscopies: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) under ultrahighvacuum (UHV) conditions and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) (Denecke et al, 1999)
The SPECIES beamline was designed to meet the new requirements set by the instrumentation, while still relying on the same experimental techniques, RIXS and XPS; for the latter, the main interest was shifted towards ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, APXPS, at pressures up to a few tens of millibars
An ellipsoidal mirror was chosen for the RIXS branch, were integrated into the control system at the MAX II storage at very low photon energies the image at the focal ring, and the remaining 22 axes will be integrated at the new plane shows a hint of bow-tie shape: the ray-tracing simula- MAX IV Laboratory
Summary
Beamline I511 on the MAX II storage ring of the MAX IV Laboratory (formerly MAX-lab), which was decommissioned in 2013, combined successfully two types of spectroscopies: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) under ultrahighvacuum (UHV) conditions and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) (Denecke et al, 1999). The optical design of the beamline is based on a collimated plane-grating monochromator (cPGM), following examples given by successful high-resolution spectroscopy beamlines at BESSY II (Follath et al, 1998; Jiang et al, 2004) and SLS (Strocov et al, 2010). This concept allows a horizontal beam after the monochromator at a reasonable height above the floor (about electron beam height in the ring). Future plans and upgrades after installation at the 1.5 GeV electron storage ring at the MAX IV Laboratory are highlighted
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
