Abstract

Ecosystem services are closely linked to human welfare. The flow of ecosystem service can establish spatio-temporal relationships between ecosystem service provision areas (SPAs) and service beneficiary areas (SBAs). In this study, the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model was used to simulate the spatial flow path of the wind erosion prevention (WEP) service in Yanchi County. The frequency at which the simulated trajectories passed through each grid cell was used as a proxy for spatio-temporal disparities in SBAs, and the distribution of benefitting land cover, population, and gross domestic product (GDP) reflected the effects of the WEP flow. The flow paths of the Yanchi County WEP in 2010 mainly extended to eastern and central China, North Korea, South Korea, Japan, Mongolia, and eastern Russia, and were more intensive and longer in spring and winter than in autumn and winter. The SBAs covered an area of 1153.2 × 104 km2 in 2010, with dominant service beneficiary areas (DSBAs) comprising 185.1 × 104 km2 and accounting for 16.1% of the total beneficiary area of the year. The areas through which the flow paths passed with a high frequency (≥10%) were mainly located in Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan, western Shandong, Hebei, Beijing, and northern Hubei, and the spatial scale of these areas varied, demonstrating obvious seasonal changes, and was the largest in spring. The benefitting land cover was mainly cropland across all of the SBAs, with one billion benefitting people (accounting for 77.11% of the total population of China) associated with a gross domestic product (GDP) of 26.8 trillion RMB (Chinese currency; as of 2018-06-22, 6.497 RMB = US $1, accounting for 87.90% of the total GDP of China). Furthermore, the population and socio-economic development in the DSBAs (21 million people and 0.53 trillion RMB GDP) were no longer affected by wind erosion from Yanchi County. This study revealed the spatio-temporal disparities of the SBAs of WEP in Yanchi County from an ecosystem services flow perspective and provides a scientific and effective basis for policymakers to perform standard ecological compensation accounting and to formulate ecological protection policies.

Highlights

  • Human health is closely related to ecosystem services (ESs)

  • This study revealed the spatio-temporal disparities of the service beneficiary areas (SBAs) of wind erosion prevention (WEP) in Yanchi County from an ecosystem services flow perspective and provides a scientific and effective basis for policymakers to perform standard ecological compensation accounting and to formulate ecological protection policies

  • The study identified the spatio-temporal disparities of the SBAs based on the WEP flow, and further divided the SBAs into dominant service beneficiary areas (DSBAs) and recessive service beneficiary areas (RSBAs) to clarify the benefitting land cover, benefitting people, and gross domestic product (GDP) distribution

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Summary

Introduction

Human health is closely related to ecosystem services (ESs). ESs refer to the benefits that humans derive from nature, and increasingly emphasize the relationship between the environment and human welfare. Environmental risks cause 23% of all deaths globally and affect children under. 5 years old and adults aged 50–75 years old [1]. Most studies about the topic have focused on the human health threats posed by environmental risk distributions, with recent studies focusing on the. Res. Public Health 2018, 15, 1510; doi:10.3390/ijerph15071510 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph

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