Abstract
Border ports play a substantial role in socio-economic exchanges, which reflect the diplomatic relations between neighboring countries. This paper maps and analyzes the evolution process of border ports in China since the 1930s, in terms of the spatial distribution, transport modes, cargo and flows of people. Four development modes of border ports and cities are summarized based on the functions and development level of border ports and their proximity to urban core areas. The four modes include: (1) Port-Port mode; (2) City-Port-Port-City mode; (3) City (Port)-Port-City mode; (4) City (Port)-City (Port) mode, which also reflect the spatio-temporal evolution process of certain border ports and cities. The results show that the development of border ports is closely related to the bilateral relations with neighboring countries and their complementarities of natural resources and economic development, national foreign policies, as well as the physical, historical and cultural context. The findings of this study are helpful to promote the sustainable development of the border port system which is crucial for win-win reciprocity between China and its neighboring countries.
Highlights
Border regions are central to the nationalist agenda and the development of nation states [1]
This study mapped the spatio-temporal distribution of the inland border ports in China and analyzed their development modes
The results show that there were four stages with two peak periods for the opening of inland border ports
Summary
Border regions are central to the nationalist agenda and the development of nation states [1]. The. Western Development Strategy implemented by the Chinese central government is one of several important policies to facilitate infrastructure construction, as well as economic development and ecological protection in the western region where China shares long borders with its neighboring countries. Western Development Strategy implemented by the Chinese central government is one of several important policies to facilitate infrastructure construction, as well as economic development and ecological protection in the western region where China shares long borders with its neighboring countries This systematic development strategy has promoted the further opening and sustainable development of border ports. Examples are given to argue that the border communities interact to develop similar and often parallel, regulatory transportation or environment policies [10] Another group of studies focused on the role of inland ports in the transportation chain, port regionalization, and cross border economic cooperation. Following a discussion of the findings, the conclusions of this research are summarized in the final section
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