Abstract
This paper discusses the use of a Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) to monitor the spatial–temporal distribution of suspended sediment (SS) along the coastal waters of northern Taiwan which was affected by Typhoon Soudelor from 8 to 10 August 2015. High temporal resolution satellite images derived from GOCI were processed to generate four-day average images of SS for pre- and post-typhoon periods. By using these four-day average images, characteristics of SS along the north of Taiwan coastal water can be tracked. The results show that SS concentration increased in the four-day average image immediately after the typhoon (11–14 August), and then decreased in the four-day average image 9 to 12 days after the typhoon (19–22 August). The mouths of the Dajia River and Tamsui River were hotspots of SS, ranging from 9 to 15 g/m3 during the two post-typhoon periods. Moreover, the maximum suspended sediment (SSmax) and its corresponding time (tmax) can be computed using GOCI hourly images for the post-typhoon period from 08:30 on 11 August to 08:30 on 22 August. The results show that SSmax occurred in the west coastal water within 4 days post-typhoon, and SSmax occurred in the east coastal water 9 to 12 days post-typhoon. Furthermore, an exponential decay model was used to compute the time when 90% of typhoon-induced SS was dissipated after Typhoon Soudelor (t90). It was found that t90 in the mouths of the Tamsui River and Heping River was the longest among all coastal waters of our study area, with a range of 360–480 h. River discharge and ocean currents with suspended sediment concentration are discussed.
Highlights
Suspended sediment (SS) is a key part of studying shallow waters, such as coastal regions, because of its influence on the marine environment and ecosystems [1]
We demonstrate the use of this model by computing dissipation of sion was4−obtained for Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) pixels that had more than 5 hourly suspended sediment (SS) values available after
This paper proposes a new approach using the GOCI to monitor the spatial and temporal distribution of suspended sediment in coastal areas affected by typhoons
Summary
Suspended sediment (SS) is a key part of studying shallow waters, such as coastal regions, because of its influence on the marine environment and ecosystems [1]. Monitoring the characteristics of SS can aid in better understanding the bio-geomorphological processes and validate spatially distributed hydrodynamic and transport models in coastal water regions [2]. There are many monitoring methods, such as in situ measurements with a cruise, station observations, numerical models, remote sensing, etc. In situ measurements with a cruise, numerical models, and station observations are costly and timeconsuming [3,4]. Remote sensing provides a viable solution for monitoring SS in coastal waters because it can cover large areas at the same time. The first geostationary ocean color observation satellite has been used for coastal water turbidity and Sentinel-3 missions for scientific observations of the ocean [5,6]
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