Abstract
The spatial arrangement of L and M cones in the human peripheral retina was estimated from red–green color naming of small test flashes (0.86 min of arc, 555 nm, constant intensity) presented at different locations (grid with 1.5 min of arc steps) centered at 17° temporal eccentricity. Simulated red–green color naming ratings were generated by a model based on an ideal observer for all possible patterns of placement and relative numerosities of L and M cones, constrained by the anatomical data on the statistics of cone spacing at this retinal location. The best matching simulated performance as compared to the human observer’s data determined the cone array most likely to produce that observer’s color naming results. The mosaics for two color normal observers showed L and M cones randomly arrayed over this retinal region. Consequences of random cone placements for spectral sampling and color opponency are discussed.
Highlights
IntroductionDevised techniques estimate more L cones than M cones in the color normal human retina (Cicerone & Nerger, 1989; Vimal, Pokorny, Smith & Shevell, 1989; Nerger & Cicerone, 1992; Hagstrom, Neitz & Neitz, 1998; Gowdy & Cicerone, 1998; Roorda & Williams, 1999)
If red–green color naming is based on the relative absorptions in the L and M cones, spectral sensitivities measured at locations judged wholly red (100/0) should match that of L cones and those judged wholly green (0/100) should match that of M cones
The L and M cone relative numerosity estimated in this study is a result of the modeling applied to the color naming data, not an assumption of the model
Summary
Devised techniques estimate more L cones than M cones in the color normal human retina (Cicerone & Nerger, 1989; Vimal, Pokorny, Smith & Shevell, 1989; Nerger & Cicerone, 1992; Hagstrom, Neitz & Neitz, 1998; Gowdy & Cicerone, 1998; Roorda & Williams, 1999). Whether these two classes of cones pave the photoreceptor mosaic in regular, clumped, or random arrays is a current focus of interest, because this information is required to under-
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