Abstract
Induction and secretion of acid phosphatases (APases) is considered to be an important strategy for improving plant growth under conditions of low inorganic phosphate (Pi). Purple acid phosphatases (PAPs), are an important class of plant APases that could be secreted into the rhizosphere to utilize organic phosphorus (Po) for plant growth and development. To date, only a few members of the PAP family have been identified in soybean. In this paper, we identified a secreted PAP in soybean, GmPAP14, and investigated its role in utilizing external phytate, the main form of organic phosphorus in the soil. An analysis of its expression and promoter showed that GmPAP14 was mainly expressed in the root and was strongly induced following Po treatment, during which its expression expanded from meristematic to maturation zones and root hairs. In vitro enzyme assays indicated that GmPAP14 had a relatively high phytase activity. Furthermore, GmPAP14 overexpression increased secreted APase activities and phytase activities, leading to the improved use of external plant phytate, higher phosphorus content, and increased shoot weight. Thus, these results confirmed that GmPAP14 is an important gene induced in response to Po, and that it predominantly participates in utilizing external Po to enhance plant growth and development.
Highlights
Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient that plays an important role in plant growth and development (Marschner and Rimmington, 1988; Vance, 2001)
The results showed that GmPAP14 expression in the roots was much higher than that in the leaves and stems, suggesting that GmPAP14 was mainly expressed in the roots grown under the Po condition (Figure 1B)
Temporal expression of GmPAP14 in the roots showed that GmPAP14 was rapidly induced at 7 days post Po stress (DPP), and maintained high expression from 14 to 70 DPP, with the peak occurring at 49 DPP
Summary
Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient that plays an important role in plant growth and development (Marschner and Rimmington, 1988; Vance, 2001). In most soil, the content of inorganic phosphate (Pi), is much lower than that needed for plant growth. The majority of P exists in an organic form (Po) or is fixed with calcium, iron and aluminum, which cannot be directly utilized by plants (George and Richardson, 2008). Thereby, efficiency of P-utilization is a major target for improving crop productivity. Large applications of fertilizers cause soil degradation and water eutrophication (Gilbert, 2009). Improving crop P acquisition and utilization efficiency is essential for sustainable gains in agricultural production (Song et al, 2014)
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