Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max) is one of the major sources of nutrition and is used as a raw material for food and as a source of feed for livestock. The efficacy of soybeans on skin health includes their ability to reduce wrinkles and pigmentation and increase skin elasticity and moisture content. Black soybean has been consumed worldwide for a long time, especially in Korea, and is used as a medicinal food against several disorders related to the skin. To evaluate whether its effect on the skin is different based on the cultivar of soybeans, three black soybean cultivars collected in Korea, Soybean Core collection Elite Line-1 (SCEL-1), Chung Ja-3 (CJ-3) and Won Heuk (WH), were selected to compare their effect on improving photoaging induced by ultraviolet rays (UVs). We found that SCEL-1 exhibited the best efficacy among the three cultivars tested, and treatment with this soybean extract significantly reduced the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), preventing the degradation of collagen in a 3D human skin model. In addition, SCEL-1 application improved wrinkle- and photoaging-related symptoms, such as epidermal thickening, collagen deficiency and immune cell infiltration, in an animal model established by UV irradiation. Procyanidin B2 and epicatechin isolated from the SCEL-1 cultivar inhibited MMP-1 biosynthesis in UVB-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts, and these two major components are likely related to more significantly attenuated skin photoaging. Therefore, our results indicated that SCEL-1 exhibits good anti-wrinkle effects compared to the other two black soybean cultivars, suggesting that it represents an excellent agent for anti-photoaging.
Highlights
Soybean (Glycine max) is one of the major nutritional sources belonging to the Fabaceae family and is cultivated globally, primarily in temperate regions [1]
UVB irradiation resulted in a threefold increase in levels of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) compared to the nonirradiated control group
Levels of MMP-1 were significantly decreased in response to Soybean Core collection Elite Line-1 (SCEL-1), Chung Ja-3 (CJ-3) and Won Heuk (WH) treatment in a dose-dependent manner compared to the UVB irradiation alone group
Summary
Soybean (Glycine max) is one of the major nutritional sources belonging to the Fabaceae family and is cultivated globally, primarily in temperate regions [1]. Soybeans contain active constituents, such as phenolic acids, including syringic, ferulic, and sinpaic acids; isoflavones that act as both phytoestrogens and selective estrogen receptor modifiers (SERMs); small proteins that act as protease inhibitors; and proanthocyanidins [1, 16]. These ingredients have been reported to have antiinflammatory, depigmentation, elastin and collagen fiber production, UV protection, and prevention of lipid peroxidation effects on the skin [1]. A cultivated soybean, has a variety of shapes, colors, sizes, and components, depending on genetic diversity. Black soybean, which features yellow or green cotyledons in black seed coats, has been consumed worldwide for a long time, especially in Korea, and is used as a medicinal food against several disorders [18]
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